Electronics Product Design and Development
Learning to Design a Product
Product Design
When you wish to Begin to
learn Electronics, first a short study of Physics
is essential, secondly some Electronics
theory. Then build simple and small gadgets to learn Practical Electronics while
working with Educational
Hobby Circuits.
Lastly to make your own product designs, a fundamental knowledge of Analog
and Digital Electronics is the foundation for your next steps into Engineering
a Design.
Applications and Components
The basic building blocks for most circuits are Chips or ICs.
You can acquire considerable knowledge by studying Application notes of
National
Semiconductor
and Texas
Instruments to start with. When you want to use a
Microprocessor or Build
Your Own Microcontroller Projects, you can study the documents at Atmel and Microchip
to begin. The Specifications and Behavior of Passive
Components like inductors, capacitors and Resistors; Discrete
Semiconductors; Power Devices -
eg. IR
and RF Components have to be understood
well, in order to design sturdy Industrial
Grade Designs eg. ST.
Advanced Engineering
The Technology related to the equipment used for Testing,
Troubleshooting and
Calibration is
called Test & Measurement, Here we use Test Instruments like Oscilloscopes
and Digital
Multimeters. Medical Electronics and Military Designs require more
meticulous, robust and dedicated designs with higher reliability and
accuracy. In Medical
electronics product
safety is vital, Consumer products should be affordable without
compromising Human Safety factors. Then you need to look into Usability
or Ergonomics,
which is a science
that helps us develop practical and cost-effective products, which have
an optimum Man-Machine Interface. EMI, ESD, RFI are other important
aspects
that deals with Electromagnetic, Electrostatic and RF; Noise
and Interference; in the Stable performance of products in Real World
Harsh Environments or the Reliable Transmission of data.
Black Box Specifications
- Start Projekt {
- Customer Interaction and Communication to make a
specs sheet and drawing.
- Block Diagram, feasibility, cost, risk, samples demo
and study similar ideas.
- Effective designs are cost effective within customer
budget, draft BOM costing.
- Circuit and Code design and get more inputs from
customer and then freeze specs.
- Build Dummy for ergonomics and discuss, Prototype and
start test at site or simulate.
- Calibration and testing and production documentation
drafts final costs.
- Pilot Production of a small batch, rigorous test
batch, and freeze production documents.
- Documents and Prototypes to be given to Production
Engineering.
- Production Engineering continue engineering
maintenance and quality issues.
- } End Projekt
GoTo Next Projekt
Product Development Fundamentals
1. Product Design Sections :
| a. |
Electronic Engineering |
Circuit Design, PCB Design, EDA. |
| b. |
Mechanical Engineering |
CAD, Tool and Die Design,
Enclosure |
| c. |
Software Engineering Firmware |
PC ware, CASE, emulators |
2. Methods of Product Design :
| a. |
Design Automation. |
Design and Simulation with
Computer. |
| b. |
Computer Aided Design |
Design on Computer, Breadboard
test. |
| c. |
Conventional Design. |
Paper design with Breadboard
test |
3. Criteria of Product Design :
| a |
Ergonomics |
User friendly
Interface of controls, display, etc.. |
| b |
EMI / RFI Ext. |
Immunity to
external electrical disturbance. |
| c |
EMI / RFI Int. |
Reduction of
Internal electrical noise generation. |
| d |
Input Cost |
Selecting Cost
effective components and methods. |
| e |
Product Safety |
Eliminating shock
hazard, fire hazard or stress. |
| f |
Corrosion res. |
Resistance to
Chemical Fumes, brine, gases etc.. |
| g |
Reliability |
Long Life
reliability engineering, MTBF, stability. |
| h |
Serviceability |
Accessibility -
Maintenance and repairs, Self test. |
| i |
Vibration |
Enclosure /
Components to be vibration resistant . |
| j |
Ease of Manfr. |
Manufacture ease
and provision for test and Calib.. |
| k |
PC Interface |
RS232, GPIB, etc.
for PC Control and recording. |
| l |
Upgrade Ease |
Options, Software
change, Hardware upgrades. |
| m |
Quality |
Design, Components,
Production methods. |
| n |
Accuracy |
Specifications of
performance and its stability. |
| o |
Misuse-Abuse |
Rugged design both
electrically and mechanically. |
4. Criteria of Circuit Design :
| a |
Technologies |
Time proven
technology and Standard Parts. |
| b |
Reliability |
Component Selection
and Design Methods. |
| c |
Modular |
Allow for
incremental upgrades and Service. |
| d |
Safety Margins |
Overrating for
Voltage, threshold, speed, etc.. |
| e |
Testability |
Test Points,
Isolating Jumpers, self test mode. |
| f |
Isolation |
High voltage
isolation, User safety, grounding. |
| g |
Thermal Limits |
Dissipation Limit,
Heatsinks, Shutdown, Size. |
| h |
Protections |
Fuses, Current
Limit, Zeners, Varistors, Alarm. |
| i |
Power economy |
CMOS Designs, LCD
Designs, SMPS, Portable. |
| j |
Electrical Parts |
Connector
selection, Relays, Switches, PCB. |
| k |
Precision |
Accuracy,
Resolution, Drift, Thermal stability. |
If Inputs are Distorted, The Outputs are Noisy.
Even if the Amplifier is Very Good.
If Raw Materials are of Poor Quality, The Finished Goods are Defective.
Even if the Process and Machinery is State Of The Art.
If the Specifications are incomplete, The Prototype will be rejected.
Even if the Design and Tools are Perfect.
Solderman Talks - 1707 AD
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